The first digit defines the numbering scheme (and check digit scheme) to be used for the rest of the numbers.
The next 5 are assigned to a manufacturer, and all of their products will have the same 5 digits (that's the part that gets assigned). The next 5 represent the actual product within a manufacturers' offering. The manufacturer gets to assign those.
The last digit is a check digit, which is a calculated number. It's purpose is to ensure a correct read of the rest of the numbers.
So, yes first and last are important, but mostly for a scanner.
Since we've probably used up the manufacturers code (99,999) entries in the 46 years since the bar codes started, I think the first digit is now being used to run through the 99,999 possibilities more than once, but I'm not certain of that.
American standard is 12 digits, and is called the UPC (Universal Product Code).
If you see 13 digits, it's an EAN code (European Article Number)
More useless trivia filling up my old brain
Jim
The next 5 are assigned to a manufacturer, and all of their products will have the same 5 digits (that's the part that gets assigned). The next 5 represent the actual product within a manufacturers' offering. The manufacturer gets to assign those.
The last digit is a check digit, which is a calculated number. It's purpose is to ensure a correct read of the rest of the numbers.
So, yes first and last are important, but mostly for a scanner.
Since we've probably used up the manufacturers code (99,999) entries in the 46 years since the bar codes started, I think the first digit is now being used to run through the 99,999 possibilities more than once, but I'm not certain of that.
American standard is 12 digits, and is called the UPC (Universal Product Code).
If you see 13 digits, it's an EAN code (European Article Number)
More useless trivia filling up my old brain

Jim








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